Arturo Barea
| Arturo Barea | |
|---|---|
| Born | Arturo Barea Ogazón 20 September 1897 Badajoz, Spain |
| Died | 24 December 1957 (aged 60) Faringdon, Oxfordshire, England |
| Resting place | All Saints Church, Faringdon 51°39′34.46″N 1°35′0.53″W / 51.6595722°N 1.5834806°WCoordinates: 51°39′34.46″N 1°35′0.53″W / 51.6595722°N 1.5834806°W |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Citizenship |  Spain United Kingdom (from 1948) |
| Occupation | Writer, journalist, broadcaster |
| Spouse(s) | Aurelia Rimaldos (1924-1937) Ilse Pollak (1938-1957) (his death) |
Arturo Barea Ogazón (20 September 1897–24 December 1957[1]) was a Spanish journalist, broadcaster and writer. Born into a poor family from Madrid, after the Spanish Civil War he lived in exile in the United Kingdom until his death.
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[edit] Biography
Barea was born in Badajoz, of humble origins.[2] His father died when he was four months old, so his mother, with four young children to support, worked as a laundress, washing clothes in the River Manzanares, while the family lived in a garret in the poor Lavapiés district of Madrid. Barea was semi-adopted by his aunt and uncle who were prosperous enough to send him to school. This resulted in his first experience of the class divisions that riddled Spanish society, when his own sister accused him of "acting the gentleman" while she worked as a servant. He left school aged 13 and got a job at a bank as an office boy and copyist, though did not become a fully paid employee for another year. He later quit after being fined for breaking a glass-plate desk cover.
Barea served his compulsory military service in Ceuta and Morocco, rising to the rank of sergeant in an Engineer Regiment of the Spanish Army, seeing action in the Rif War. He began writing and published some poems. He then worked in an office registering patents (he had originally wanted to be an engineer), and in 1924, he married. He was a member of the Socialist UGT (Unión General de Trabajadores) and helped found the Clerical Workers Union at the start of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931.
On the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in mid-1936 he organized a volunteer militia unit La Pluma ("The Pen") of office workers fighting under the UGT. Later, thanks to his knowledge of English and French, he worked as a censor at the Foreign Ministry's Press Office where he came to know Ernest Hemingway and many other foreign journalists covering the conflict. During the Siege of Madrid he joined the Radio Service broadcasting to Latin America, where he became known as An Unknown Voice of Madrid, every night telling stories about daily life in the besieged city. He also met the Austrian journalist Ilse Kulcsar (née Pollak).[3] They were married in 1938.
As defeat for the Spanish Government loomed, this, allied to difficulties with the Communist party (he was not a member and therefore suspect), and a breakdown in his health, meant that he and his wife had to leave Spain. They went to exile to France in the middle of 1938, and then to England in 1939. From then until his death, Barea worked for the BBC's World Service Spanish section, while contributing articles and reviews to various literary publications, as well as writing books.
Barea spent the last ten years of his life living at Middle Lodge in Eaton Hastings, a house rented from Gavin Henderson, 2nd Baron Faringdon, of nearby Buscot Park.[4] Barea is buried, with his wife (who died in Vienna in 1977), in the churchyard annexe of All Saints Church, Faringdon, Oxfordshire.[5]
Barea has three Spanish streets named in his honour, in Badajoz, Mérida and Novés.
[edit] Publications
Maxim Lieber was Barea's literary agent in 1947 and 1950.
[edit] The Forging of a Rebel
His best-known work is his autobiography La Forja de un Rebelde ("The Forging of a Rebel"), published in three volumes:
- La Forja ("The Forge") tells the story of his childhood and adolescence growing up in Madrid between 1905 and 1914. (It was reviewed favourably by George Orwell in Horizon, "a fragment of autobiography, and we may hope that others will follow it... if the Fascist powers have done no other good, they have at least enriched the English-speaking world by exiling all their best writers.")[6]
- La Ruta ("The Track") recounts his military experiences in Morocco during the "War of the Rif" from 1920 to 1925.
- La Llama ("The Clash") narrates his experience of the Civil War and exile between 1935 and 1940. "The book starts off in a Castilian village and ends up in Paris, but its essential subject is the siege of Madrid."—George Orwell.[7]
The books were translated into English by Ilsa Barea and first published between 1941 and 1946. The first Spanish language edition was published in Argentina in 1951. It was not published in Spain until 1978. La Forja de un Rebelde was dramatised on TVE in 1990, directed and with screenplay by Mario Camus.[8] Gabriel García Márquez considered it one of the "ten best books written in Spain following the Spanish Civil War." (los diez mejores libros escritos en España después de la Guerra Civil),[9] and “One of the best novels written in Spanish".[10]
[edit] Short stories
- Valor y Miedo ("Courage and Fear"), Spain, 1938.
- El centro de la Pista ("The Center of the Path"), 1960.
[edit] Biographies
- Lorca, the Poet and his People, 1944, about Federico García Lorca
- Unamuno, 1952, about Miguel de Unamuno
[edit] Novels
- La Raiz Rota ("The Broken Root"), 1955. Published in Spanish in 2009 by Editorial Salto de Página, Madrid.
[edit] References
- Notes
- ^ "Arturo Barea". University of Birmingham, Centre for the Study of Hispanic Exile. 2012. http://www.hispanicexile.bham.ac.uk/people/46. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
- ^ Devlin, J. Arturo (May 1958). "Barea and José María Gironella - Two Interpreters of the Spanish Labyrinth". Hispania 41 (2): 143-148. ISSN 0018-2133. OCLC 1200188. http://www.jstor.org/pss/335439.
- ^ Cahill, Rowan (2007). "Rupert Lockwood abroad, 1935-38: Genesis of a Cold War journalist". Conference Proceedings, Australian Society for the Study of Labour History. http://www.historycooperative.org/proceedings/asslh2/cahill.html#_ednref36. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
- ^ Murphy, Martin (September 2004). "The Exiles of Eaton Hastings". Basque Children of ’37 Association Newsletter (2): 4-5. http://www.basquechildren.org/system/files/BCA+NL-2.pdf.
- ^ Bell, Adrian (April 2006). "In a Country Churchyard Annexe". Basque Children of ’37 Association Newsletter (5): 5-6. http://www.basquechildren.org/system/files/BCA+NL-5.pdf.
- ^ Orwell, George (September 1941). "Reviews: Arturo Barea, The Forge". Horizon (London) 4 (21): 214-217. http://www.unz.org/Pub/Horizon-1941sep?View=PDF&apages=0067.
- ^ Orwell, George (May 2001). Davison, Peter. ed. Orwell in Spain: The Full Text of Homage to Catalonia, with Associated Articles, Reviews and Letters from the Complete Works of George Orwell. Penguin Books. p. 372. ISBN 978-0141185163. — Review first printed in The Observer, 24 March 1946.
- ^ "'La forja de un rebelde' (1990)". imdb.com. 2012. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0211377/fullcredits. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
- ^ «La forja de Arturo Barea» Hoy. Retrieved 2012-08-14
- ^ Eaude, Michael. Triumph at Midnight of the Century". Sussex Academic Press. Retrieved 2012-08-14
- Bibliography
- Barea, Arturo (1984). The Forge. Fontana Paperbacks. ISBN 0-00-654090-2.
- Barea, Arturo (1984). The Track. Fontana Paperbacks. ISBN 0-00-654091-0.
- Barea, Arturo (1984). The Clash. Fontana Paperbacks. ISBN 0-00-654092-9.
[edit] Further reading
- Eaude, Michael (2008). Triumph at Midnight of the Century: A Critical Biography of Arturo Barea. Eastbourne: Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-84519-288-4. http://www.sussex-academic.com/sa/titles/history/eaude.htm.
- McAvoy, Eva Nieto (December 2011). "A Spaniard Discovers England: Arturo Barea and the BBC Latin American Service". Wasafiri (Taylor & Francis) 26 (4): 8-10. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02690055.2011.607622.
